Photocatalytic Activity Investigation

Photocatalytic Activity Investigation The photocatalytic movement of the altered examples was examined by the assurance of the rest of the convergence of the named poison, acetaldehyde, over different time spans. Figures. 5 and 6 show the photodecomposition movement of various altered TiOà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ nanoparticles under 8w obvious light illumination in the constant stream reactor with a stream pace of 95 ml/min. As per Figures. 5 and 6, all the changed examples show a lot higher photocatalytic movement than the unadulterated TiOà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¡, affirming that N and Co doping is a successful method of improving the photocatalytic action. The most noteworthy action was watched for 1%Co-N-TiOà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ test, and the 50 min illumination by obvious light brought about 44.2% of acetaldehyde corruption for this example. The expanded obvious light assimilation and explicit surface territory are key factors that affected the photoactivity of the diverse adjusted examples under noticeable light illumination contrasted with unadulterated TiO2. The abatement in the molecule size and increment in the BET surface region (Table 1) add to the improvement of the acetaldehyde corruption. Table 1 shows that the crystallite size of tests diminishes from 21.9 to 14.7 nm; this abatement might be valuable for the photocatalytic movement. Contrasted and the N-TiO2 test, Co-N/TiO2 photocatalysts have a bigger surface region, which builds the photoactivity rate as a result of the a lot of acetaldehyde particles being adsorbed on the photocatalytic surface and handily responded by photogenerated oxidizing species. The light retention attributes of the changed examples are reached out towards the noticeable light district after N and Co doping, which suggests that the arrangement of photogenerated charge transporters will be expanded under obvious light illumination. Additionally, cobalt doping with a low cobalt substance can go about as a charge trap to forestall electron-gap recombination and improve the interfacial charge move to debase acetaldehyde. After the ideal doping proportion of cobalt was surpassed (1wt % Co-N-TiO2), diminished photocatalytic action was watched. This outcome can be because of the inclusion of the outside of photocatalyst with expanded cobalt particles (Co2+) which hindered interfacial charge move because of deficient measure of light vitality accessible for enactment of all the photocatalyst particles. Additionally because of unnecessary focus, Co particles going about as recombination communities for photogenerated electrons and gaps . In view of the acetaldehyde debasement brings about this investigation, it is hence obvious that photocatalytic movement is emphatically reliant on the doping proportion as opposed to the band hole of the examples and exercises of the Co-N-TiO2 co-doped examples are higher than those of N-TiO2 or unadulterated TiO2. **â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Fig. 5â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â ** **â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Fig. 6â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â ** Motor examination The Langmuir-Hinshelwood motor model has been widely used to depict heterogeneous photocatalysis on titanium dioxide . This model effectively depicts the motor of Eq. (3), which is the response between hydroxyl radical and adsorbed acetaldehyde. When the photocatalytic response complies with a Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, the connection between the pace of response r (ÃŽ ¼mol g-1 min-1) and the acetaldehyde fixation Cact. (ÃŽ ¼mol l-1) can be portrayed as follows in Eq. (4): Where k is the rate steady (ÃŽ ¼mol g-1 min-1) and Ka is the adsorption consistent (l ÃŽ ¼mol-1). A few presumptions were utilized in Eq. (4). Just acetaldehyde is adsorbed on the impetus surface and all intermediates and items desorbed following compound response; along these lines, they have not been distinguished in Eq. (4). The scientific displaying for the attachment photoreactor at flimsy condition with the presumption of isothermal condition, overlooked dissemination opposition and consistent stream rate, the mass parity condition inside the ceaseless photoreactor would become as follows in Eq. (5): Where Q is the volumetric stream rate (l min-1), W is the heaviness of impetus (g), V is the volume of the reactor (l), and t is the hour of test (min). Motor parameters (k, K) were determined utilizing the Nelder-Mead technique, which was utilized through PC programming in MATLAB by minimization of entirety of squared of relative blunder, the distinction between the determined and test outlet focus results, as the accompanying target work: By minimization of Eq. (6), active parameters (k, Ka) are anticipated and appeared in Table 3. A decent understanding among the anticipated and trial information were discovered that are appeared in Fig. 7.

Write an alternate ending to the story

Compose a substitute closure of the account Of Mice and Men Essay Subsequent to finding the dead inert assortment of Curleys spouse lying on a pile of roughage inside the stable, George hurried outside in a frantic endeavor to discover Lennie. He realized that the main likely conceivable individual to have executed Curleys spouse was Lennie. After neglecting to discover him he out of nowhere recalled what he had recently advised Lennie to do on the off chance that he at any point wound up in a difficult situation, he had instructed him to cover up in the brush until he came to discover him. As he remained there inclining toward the horse shelter entryway, gazing at the ground as though in a shock, thinking about what to do straightaway, the remainder of the laborers hustled into the animal dwellingplace having been cautioned by Candy. Curley who was thinking about what all the whine was about run towards the horde of men just to discover to his shock the body of his dead spouse. Curley, who was presently heart broken at the loss of his significant other shouted with fierceness and swore that on the off chance that he at any point discovered Lennie, he would execute him. We will compose a custom paper on Write a substitute consummation of the account Of Mice and Men explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now George realized that Curley and the others could never comprehend Lennies inabilities and on the off chance that they discovered him would more than likely slaughter him on the spot. He chose the best activity was for him to discover Lennie first and afterward the two of them would seek total isolation. Before taking off in Lennies course he took all the cash Candy had given to him as a commitment to his fantasy about purchasing his very own position. He knew he wasnt going to return and wished there was some way he could cause it up to Candy however to unfortunately there was no time. George and the laborers, drove by Curley, set off to discover Lennie and to carry him to equity for what he had done. At the point when the gathering showed up at the associated area with Lennie, they were totally separated and a huge pursuit had started. George knew where Lennie was so he hurried towards the spot where he was stowing away. As he had anticipated in his brain, Lennie was staying there like a little kid, unaware of what was happening around him. George got Lennies shoulder and shook him up to stand out for him. Lennie looked into, glad to see Georges face. Having stood out enough to be noticed George quickly started to disclose to Lennie what he had done and as a result of it, that they currently needed to escape. Similarly as he was doing so he heard an unsettling influence in the brambles and quickly went round to perceive what it was. There stood Slim, gazing at the them two shaking his head at feel sorry for the them two. George realized what must be done yet argued to Slim to let them both go. He disclosed to Slim about Lennies current position and that he could always be unable to endure if they somehow managed to place him in jail. Thin being an exemplary man was additionally very sympatheticâ towards them. He hesitantly let them go and gave them his all the best for the future and that they would have the option to experience their fantasy not long from now. Supported by Slims words George seized Lennie and the two of them hurried over the waterway over to the opposite side. As they were doing so they could hear the strides in the shrubs of different men as they hurried to where Slim was standing. Lennie turned his head to perceive what was going on however George advised him not to do that yet rather continue looking towards the future and to never think back. Lennie did only that and as they ran towards the dusk Lennie said something to George that carried a tear to his eye. He said in his kid like voice, George you are really my closest companion! George stopped and answered in a delicate voice, Youre mine too, I could never really hurt you and just you recall that. .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9 , .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9 .postImageUrl , .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9 , .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9:hover , .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9:visited , .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9:active { border:0!important; } .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9:active , .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9:hover { murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u379c5a710faaeb65fbba053dec69bec9:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Gothis Elementa In Jane Eyre EssayNo one knows without a doubt what occurred after that. Some state they were inevitably gotten by the region Sheriff and condemned to jail while others state they fled to another district. Still some society state they assembled enough cash to purchase the plot of land from the old couple and are joyfully living on it right now. Whatever transpired, everybody concurs that they were a case of a solid, unbreakable kinship that a considerable lot of the pioneers of the American Dream needed. It was on the grounds that this absence of companionship and family love that would mean a lar ge number of the these people groups expectations and dreams would be all futile.

Gendered assumptions-a jury of her peers essays

Gendered suppositions a jury of her friends expositions The story A Jury Of Her Peers, composed by Susan Glaspell starts rehashing back to its perusers a large number of the gendered cliché suspicions ladies get from men for their entire lives. Ladies are thought to be concerned distinctly with trifles, to be unintelligent, mediocre compared to men and have social restrictions put on them. However Glaspell demonstrates how false these remarks can be, at last depicting ladies as more grounded characters when they locate their own freedom. Ladies use holding and good judgment as methods for picking up force and pride against men to make new gendered presumptions about their characters. The supposition that ladies are concerned uniquely with trifles is available in A Jury Of Her Peers. Glaspell uncovers this gendered presumption through the remarks passed by the sheriff about Mrs Wright being Held for homicide and stressing over her jelly. Mr Hale than develops this comment, forgetting about it expressing Women are accustomed to stressing over wastes of time. Mr Hale is suggesting that ladies have nothing significant or advantageous to stress over. Further into the story ladies are by and by disparaged, this time for pondering about Mrs Wrights quilt. The sheriff derides them for their interest chuckling, They wonder whether she was going to sew it or bunch it! The sheriff is suggesting that womens lives rotate around residential issues and they are unequipped for pondering whatever else. These comments show the lack of regard from men and the accepted fools in womens lives in A Jury Of Her Peers. Glaspell advances that ladies are second rate and it is their obligation to follow men. This can be found in the absolute first section as we give our early introductions on the story. Mrs Hale was relied upon to leave with her kitchen in no shape for leaving: her bread as of now for making, a large portion of the flour filtered and half unsifted. She was then restlessly rushed to not &quot... <!

St. Joan of Arc biography

Curve isn't just generally known everywhere throughout the world for her trust in God, however for her over the top grit. In this chivalrous story of Saint Joan of Arc, everybody will be propelled for the fortitude of this youngster, who laid her life down for her confidence, and for her nation. Destined to ardent Catholic guardians Jacques d'art and Isabella Rome, SST. Joan of Arc was conceived on January 6, 1412 in the little town of Dormer, France. She was one of five kids which lived on a fifty section of land ranch which was in the north-eastern piece of France. In 1412 at twelve years old, Joan experienced dreams when she was distant from everyone else in field.The heavenly attendants of Saint Michael the Archangel, Saint Catherine of Alexandria, and Saint Margaret the Virgin, had appeared to her and advised her to drive out the English in France. She was exceptionally astonished that the holy messengers had appeared to her, a lady, to do such a Job. At the point when she was s ixteen years of age, she went to see Count Robert De Bureaucratic, who was a military officer in the town of Vacuoles, to get consent to see the regal French court. Check Robert De Bureaucratic didn't pay attention to her and made a Joke of Joan and her dreams. He at that point sent her home.Along with two other en in January 1429, she came back to have a gathering with the Count to disclose to him an expectation she had made about an up and coming fight. When Joan was demonstrated right about her forecast, Count Robert De Bureaucratic conceded her consent to have a gathering with the Charles VI'. She spruced up as a man and was then accompanied alongside six other men to Chino. During the private gathering with Charles VI', he was exceptionally dazzled with Joan and her thoughts. She likewise won the kindness with Charles' relative and she was sent on an undertaking to Orleans.They thought of her as their lone wellspring of light and expectation in the difficult situations of Franc e. After numerous long stretches of the French being embarrassed in fight, Joan once more solicited some help from Charles VI'. She mentioned for herself to be put as one of the commandants of the French armed force. He allowed her solicitation by recognizing the way that each and every one of his arrangements and procedures have fizzled, and there was a requirement for another arrangement. Joan then assumed responsibility for the military, with her clever systems and strategies, and continued to win numerous battles.With Joan in order, the war was switched, for the French. She indicated absurd mental fortitude and dauntlessness by the numerous things that she has done in fight. She was likewise extremely controlled by battling significantly subsequent to being injured in the neck by a bolt. The triumph of the skirmish of Orleans was just one of the numerous fights won. The triumph prompted the need of progressively hostile activity. She at that point convinced Charles VII by and by , by putting her in co-order of the whole armed force with Duke John II of Alnico. On May 23, 1430 Joan was caught during an endeavored assault and was held a detainee of war.She couldn't be discharged by Charles VIII not mediating with he Duke Philip of Burgundy. Charles VII and the French didn't attempt to spare her. She attempted to get away from ordinarily even by Jumping from a seventy foot tower in which she was held in. Afterward, the English government at that point purchased Joan for ten thousand francs from Duke Philip of Burgundy and put her under preliminary. While under preliminary, Joan was essentially blamed for being a blasphemer, sorceress, and adulteress. Individuals have attempted to gather declaration against her, however they couldn't discover any evidence.Along with the deficient proof, the court abused clerical law by denying her the option to have a legitimate guide. The preliminary had attempted ordinarily to blame Joan for various laws broken, yet her knowl edge had refuted them. Under specific rules, Joan ought to of been put in a ministerial jail under the oversight of nuns, yet rather, he was held in a mainstream jail and was monitored by genuine fastens. In end to her preliminary, she was sentenced and condemned to consume in question. On May 30, 1941, just being 19 years of age, she was tied too tall column before an enormous crowd.Before being tied, she had asked priests to hold a cross before her while he would be devoured by the consuming fire. Following her body had wrapped up, the English had consumed her remaining parts again, with the goal that her substantial remains would just be cinders. A short time later, they standings her remaining parts into the close by waterway called the Seine. Around 24 years past Jean's passing, the Hundred Years' War had finished. The powerless principle of the youthful King Henry VI finished the war among France and England. Her definitive objective of bringing Charles VII was fruitful. In 14 52, Jean's case had been put on retrial by Pope Casualties Ill.The primary issues f the retrial was to explore if the first preliminary had been dealt with Justly or not. A wide range of pastors led this examination, and in June 1456, the court pronounced her blameless. All in all, it wasn't until 1909 when Joan was glorified. On May 16, 1920, she was cannonaded a holy person and saint in the Holy Roman Catholic Church by Pope Benedict W. Her holy person name is currently Saint Joan of Arc and is the benefactor holy person of warriors and France. Likewise, Many Catholics around the globe admire Saint Joan of Arc as a good example and motivation. Her banquet day is praised on May 30th consistently.

Monetary Policy (Essay) - 550 Words

Monetary Policy (Essay Sample) Content: Monetary Policy (Name)(Institution Affiliation)IntroductionThe designing and implementation of a country monetary policy focuses primarily on three economic variables; money supply (MS), Money Demand (MD) and interests rate (i). Effective monetary policy formulation, therefore, requires policy makers to identify and analyze how various economic events cause changes in MS, MD and i. For the purpose of this discussion, this paper will focus on effect three main events on MS, MD and i. These include; when the Fed buys securities in the open market, if the reserve requirement (r) is increased, and when Consumers decide to save and reduce their spending on consumer goods. DiscussionsEven 1: The Fed buys securities in the open marketThis is one of the monetary policy instruments used by Fed in controlling money supply in an economy. Ideally, the act of the Fed buying securities from the money market through OMO is likely to affect three economic variables differently. This can be illustrated by the following figure. From the above figure, the money demand (MD) curve is downward sloping, since at high interest rates, borrowers will shrink back from borrowing (Hall Lieberman, 2010, p. 391). Since money supply is an exogenous variable (fixed by the central bank), the MS-curve is vertical. In the figure, the initial MS in an economy is represented by MS0. The initial equilibrium in the money market is achieved at a point where MS0=MD. At this point, i is the equilibrium interest rate. Feds act buying securities from the money market will increase money supply, which will shift the MS-curve from MS0 to MS1. As a result, the equilibrium interest rate will fall from i to i*. The argument behind such a fall in interest rate is based on the relationship between security prices and interest rates. When Fed buys securities from the money market, the demand for securities will increase making their price to increase, also. Given that, from economic theory, th e relationship between security price (p) and interest rate (i) is inverse; Feds act is likely to drive interest rates down (Chandra, 2008, p. 184). This will in turn incentivize borrowers to demand more money from lending institutions. Even 2: The reserve requirement is increasedAccording to banking laws of many countries, each deposit taking institution is required, by law to keep a fraction of depositors money as reserves, usually 10% (r). However, this ratio can be adjusted accordingly, being a monetary policy instrument, to suit specific monetary policy objectives. If the central bank decides to increase r from say 10% to 12%. The banks excess reserves (ER) will decline. This implies that less money will be available to lend out by banks in form of loans. To maintain their revenue and profits, banks are likely to increase their lending interest rates (cost of borrowing). Given an inverse relationship between MD and i, borrower will demand less loans (money) from lending insti tutions. Event 3: Consumers decide to save and reduce their spending on consumer goods For the purpose of our discussion, we will assume that consumers savings will be deposited with deposit taking financial institutions. If consumers increase their saving, banks and other deposit taking institutions will have more money to lend out in form of loans (loanable funds base will increase). This means that an economy money supply will expand. If MS increases, there are chances of interest rates moving down a...

Corporate Governance and Business Ethics Essay - 825 Words

Corporate Governance and Business Ethics (Essay Sample) Content: Authors name:Institution:Module Title : Corporate Governance and Business Ethics Assessment : Individual AssignmentDate : 07th of May, 2014 Question 1The importance of corporate governance is to necessitate effective and prudent management that will deliver long term success to the business (Richard 2006, p. 15). Corporate governance is the system where the companies are directed and controlled. According to the UK corporate governance code (2012), the board of directors is responsible for facilitating acceptable code of corporate governance. The shareholders role in corporate governance is to appoint directors and auditors who will ensure the company is in compliance with the regulations.Tesco PLC in UK is dedicated to operating within the values expected in its capacity. This enables identification of commercial risks that are dealt with. The code of governance of Tesco PLC in 2013 has not significantly changed from t he one of the year 2012. The approach to corporate governance is not using a set code of rules but developing a framework to determine what is acceptable or not.The backbone of every company is having a strong Board. The board of Tesco PLC is usually committed to providing the required standards of corporate governance. The board of governance of Tesco comprises of two executive directors. It also comprises eight independent non-executive directors and the Chairman. The board meets once every month. The board is committed to achieving strategic goals of the company to acceptable standards. The board of Tesco PLC has various functions. The board makes approval of the financial statements of the company. The board authorises major sales, acquisitions, approves expenditure and makes risk management policies. The board also plans major succession plans in management (Khalid, 2011).Tesco PLC has an Audit Committee which meets at least three times a year. The Audit committee engages the B oard in reviewing the fairness of the financial statements of the Company. The audit committee also formulates the internal control of the Company. It also reviews and approves the accounting policies of the Company.The Company also has a remuneration Committee is formed by entirely non-executive directors chaired by Baroness OÇathain. The remuneration committee addresses matters of remuneration policies of directors, incentives, compliance, benefits and profit sharing.The UK Corporate Governance Code (the Code) has the provisions of how a company should be set in order to achieve the set standards of good corporate governance. This code was revised in the year 2012 with greater focus on the company diversifying in achieving good corporate governance. In the year 2012/2013, the board considers that Tesco PLC has complied with the set corporate governance standards set in the Code.Question 2Tesco PLC receives an annual report on corporate governance. The report ensures the compan y improves on its performances on corporate governance. The company has many governance issues such as the board, remuneration committee and audit committee. The role of the Board of Tesco PLC is to make sure that the supermarket achieves the laid down strategic goals. It also promotes high standards of corporate governance. Through the Chairman, the board is mandated to develop and maintain an effective board. This is by ensuring competence directors are employed. Annually, the directors are appraised and awarded based on their performance.The board of governors has a responsibility in addressing the internal controls of the company. The implementation and execution of internal controls are the responsibilities of the internal management. The board, through the Audit Committee, checks the strength, efficiency and effectiveness of these internal controls. The internal controls are assumed to be reasonable but not absolute in preventing material misstatements of the financial stateme nts (Tricker, 2009).The audit committee determines the effectiveness of the internal controls by looking at several factors. The financial framework of the company needs to be on point. Tesco has laid out financial structures that ensure fair preparation of accounting statements. The layout is such that monthly and yearly forecasts are reviewed against the actual figures. Variances arising are well addressed.The company ensures strength in internal controls by drafting effective processes and procedures. The group has an employee base of 153, 000 and over 1,200 senior management officers. Formal policies exist which guides the management of the company. These policies are meant to eliminate significant risks that the Company may be exposed to. These policies are in line with the compliance audit.Tesco PLC has an internal audit function which focuses on high risk areas. Areas with high risk are identified, and adequate control measures are taken to address these risks. The internal a udit function updates the audit committee on a regular basis. The audit function of the company is also strengthened by the external auditors. The company hires reputable external auditors from credible firms such as Price Water Coopers (Tesco Plc, 2013). These are independent parties that give a fair view of the financial affairs of the company. They also assess the strength of internal controls.The company has a remuneration committee reports on remuneration packages of directors and staff. Among its duties includes monitoring the contract periods of directors. The remuneration committee ensures the salary packages aligns with the responsibility of the directors. The remuneration is dependent on the financial performance of the group. It is also determined by retaining of management (Wheeler and Maria, 1997).The salaries of the directors are reviewed every year by the committee. The remuneration of the directors includes the basic salary and benefits. The benefits include car, hea lth, disability and health insurance benefits. Copies of employment contracts of the directors are always available for viewing by the shareholders. The competitive nature of the industry enables the company des the appraisals with assistance of two external independent surveyors.The directors are also entitled to executive incentive plan. The scheme was introduced in March 1993. The scheme comprises of both long term and short term share bonuses. The long term bonus shares are determined by the earnings per share. They are also determined by the achievement of corporate strategic goals. The performance of the company in relative to peer companies is also a determinant. The maximum percentage for long term bonuses is 25% of the salary (Tesco Plc, 2013). Short term bonuses are also awarded annually based on the same determinants as those of short term bonuses. The maximum percentage is 25 % that can be increased by a further 12.5%. The remuneration committee sets a performance targe t for criteria of awarding of each of the incentive scheme (Tesco Plc, 2013). The committee confirms attainment of the performance and ensures proper administration of each of the schemes.Question 3CSR is a strong business tool. It is described as the commitment of a business entity in improving the economic and social status of the society. It also involves working with employees, their families and the society in general to raise the quality of life. CSR can also be described as a situation where an organization integrates with the community to develop their social, economic and environmental concerns on a voluntary basis. CSR describes the positive impact made by businesses to the society. It is the way organizations respond to economic and environmental imbalances in the society. By the definition of CSR, Tesco PLC has adopted various CSR strategies in line with the literature as part of its business core values. The social reporting policies of the company compares well with th e literature reviews that have been formulated. Tesco PLC has a CSR committee that ensures the board achieves the required level of corporate responsibility. The key responsibilities of the committee are set out in the terms of reference. Tesco PLC has developed social practices that are directed to the community, workplace, market, environment and health. The Board of Tesco receives an annual report on the Companys CSR achievements from this committee (Tesco Plc, 2013).In terms of the community, Tesco has created a special support for children. Tesco has created a community based programs that support children. These create a peaceful environment to operate.Tesco has maintained high ethical standards with its suppliers. The company encourages long term relationship with its business partners such as suppliers. The company encourages transparency and accountability to ensure suppliers continue providing the required quality products and services. The company also does this to encou rage competitive bidding and pricing.The company promotes the health of its customers by addressing their choices. This is by providing a wide variety of goods and services. Their slogan is: Be inclusive by: which means that the company will continue providing a wide variety of goods to its customers. The company is also innovative in providing new products, new developments and technology. This ensures customers can choose from a wide range of products for different prices and quality.Tesco provides its employees the opportunity to improve their skills through trainings and development programs. The employees are also motivated through rewards, benefits, bonuses in accordance to their performances. Tesco encourages employees feedback from it team. Employees are also motivated by joining pension schemes and save as you earn scheme.Question 4Tesco PLC is one of... Corporate Governance and Business Ethics Essay - 825 Words Corporate Governance and Business Ethics (Essay Sample) Content: Authors name:Institution:Module Title : Corporate Governance and Business Ethics Assessment : Individual AssignmentDate : 07th of May, 2014 Question 1The importance of corporate governance is to necessitate effective and prudent management that will deliver long term success to the business (Richard 2006, p. 15). Corporate governance is the system where the companies are directed and controlled. According to the UK corporate governance code (2012), the board of directors is responsible for facilitating acceptable code of corporate governance. The shareholders role in corporate governance is to appoint directors and auditors who will ensure the company is in compliance with the regulations.Tesco PLC in UK is dedicated to operating within the values expected in its capacity. This enables identification of commercial risks that are dealt with. The code of governance of Tesco PLC in 2013 has not significantly changed from t he one of the year 2012. The approach to corporate governance is not using a set code of rules but developing a framework to determine what is acceptable or not.The backbone of every company is having a strong Board. The board of Tesco PLC is usually committed to providing the required standards of corporate governance. The board of governance of Tesco comprises of two executive directors. It also comprises eight independent non-executive directors and the Chairman. The board meets once every month. The board is committed to achieving strategic goals of the company to acceptable standards. The board of Tesco PLC has various functions. The board makes approval of the financial statements of the company. The board authorises major sales, acquisitions, approves expenditure and makes risk management policies. The board also plans major succession plans in management (Khalid, 2011).Tesco PLC has an Audit Committee which meets at least three times a year. The Audit committee engages the B oard in reviewing the fairness of the financial statements of the Company. The audit committee also formulates the internal control of the Company. It also reviews and approves the accounting policies of the Company.The Company also has a remuneration Committee is formed by entirely non-executive directors chaired by Baroness OÇathain. The remuneration committee addresses matters of remuneration policies of directors, incentives, compliance, benefits and profit sharing.The UK Corporate Governance Code (the Code) has the provisions of how a company should be set in order to achieve the set standards of good corporate governance. This code was revised in the year 2012 with greater focus on the company diversifying in achieving good corporate governance. In the year 2012/2013, the board considers that Tesco PLC has complied with the set corporate governance standards set in the Code.Question 2Tesco PLC receives an annual report on corporate governance. The report ensures the compan y improves on its performances on corporate governance. The company has many governance issues such as the board, remuneration committee and audit committee. The role of the Board of Tesco PLC is to make sure that the supermarket achieves the laid down strategic goals. It also promotes high standards of corporate governance. Through the Chairman, the board is mandated to develop and maintain an effective board. This is by ensuring competence directors are employed. Annually, the directors are appraised and awarded based on their performance.The board of governors has a responsibility in addressing the internal controls of the company. The implementation and execution of internal controls are the responsibilities of the internal management. The board, through the Audit Committee, checks the strength, efficiency and effectiveness of these internal controls. The internal controls are assumed to be reasonable but not absolute in preventing material misstatements of the financial stateme nts (Tricker, 2009).The audit committee determines the effectiveness of the internal controls by looking at several factors. The financial framework of the company needs to be on point. Tesco has laid out financial structures that ensure fair preparation of accounting statements. The layout is such that monthly and yearly forecasts are reviewed against the actual figures. Variances arising are well addressed.The company ensures strength in internal controls by drafting effective processes and procedures. The group has an employee base of 153, 000 and over 1,200 senior management officers. Formal policies exist which guides the management of the company. These policies are meant to eliminate significant risks that the Company may be exposed to. These policies are in line with the compliance audit.Tesco PLC has an internal audit function which focuses on high risk areas. Areas with high risk are identified, and adequate control measures are taken to address these risks. The internal a udit function updates the audit committee on a regular basis. The audit function of the company is also strengthened by the external auditors. The company hires reputable external auditors from credible firms such as Price Water Coopers (Tesco Plc, 2013). These are independent parties that give a fair view of the financial affairs of the company. They also assess the strength of internal controls.The company has a remuneration committee reports on remuneration packages of directors and staff. Among its duties includes monitoring the contract periods of directors. The remuneration committee ensures the salary packages aligns with the responsibility of the directors. The remuneration is dependent on the financial performance of the group. It is also determined by retaining of management (Wheeler and Maria, 1997).The salaries of the directors are reviewed every year by the committee. The remuneration of the directors includes the basic salary and benefits. The benefits include car, hea lth, disability and health insurance benefits. Copies of employment contracts of the directors are always available for viewing by the shareholders. The competitive nature of the industry enables the company des the appraisals with assistance of two external independent surveyors.The directors are also entitled to executive incentive plan. The scheme was introduced in March 1993. The scheme comprises of both long term and short term share bonuses. The long term bonus shares are determined by the earnings per share. They are also determined by the achievement of corporate strategic goals. The performance of the company in relative to peer companies is also a determinant. The maximum percentage for long term bonuses is 25% of the salary (Tesco Plc, 2013). Short term bonuses are also awarded annually based on the same determinants as those of short term bonuses. The maximum percentage is 25 % that can be increased by a further 12.5%. The remuneration committee sets a performance targe t for criteria of awarding of each of the incentive scheme (Tesco Plc, 2013). The committee confirms attainment of the performance and ensures proper administration of each of the schemes.Question 3CSR is a strong business tool. It is described as the commitment of a business entity in improving the economic and social status of the society. It also involves working with employees, their families and the society in general to raise the quality of life. CSR can also be described as a situation where an organization integrates with the community to develop their social, economic and environmental concerns on a voluntary basis. CSR describes the positive impact made by businesses to the society. It is the way organizations respond to economic and environmental imbalances in the society. By the definition of CSR, Tesco PLC has adopted various CSR strategies in line with the literature as part of its business core values. The social reporting policies of the company compares well with th e literature reviews that have been formulated. Tesco PLC has a CSR committee that ensures the board achieves the required level of corporate responsibility. The key responsibilities of the committee are set out in the terms of reference. Tesco PLC has developed social practices that are directed to the community, workplace, market, environment and health. The Board of Tesco receives an annual report on the Companys CSR achievements from this committee (Tesco Plc, 2013).In terms of the community, Tesco has created a special support for children. Tesco has created a community based programs that support children. These create a peaceful environment to operate.Tesco has maintained high ethical standards with its suppliers. The company encourages long term relationship with its business partners such as suppliers. The company encourages transparency and accountability to ensure suppliers continue providing the required quality products and services. The company also does this to encou rage competitive bidding and pricing.The company promotes the health of its customers by addressing their choices. This is by providing a wide variety of goods and services. Their slogan is: Be inclusive by: which means that the company will continue providing a wide variety of goods to its customers. The company is also innovative in providing new products, new developments and technology. This ensures customers can choose from a wide range of products for different prices and quality.Tesco provides its employees the opportunity to improve their skills through trainings and development programs. The employees are also motivated through rewards, benefits, bonuses in accordance to their performances. Tesco encourages employees feedback from it team. Employees are also motivated by joining pension schemes and save as you earn scheme.Question 4Tesco PLC is one of...

Dont Get Me Started on Drug Abuse - 796 Words

Don’t Get Me Started On Drug Abuse Drug abuse is no longer defined by the World Health Organization as a recognized current medical diagnosis. Instead, they have adopted substance abuse including drug abuse and other things. Do you agree that drug abuse among young people is a serious problem that we need to be more concerned about? In the United Kingdom, there are several recent studies released which show an increasing statistical trend in drug abuse affecting young people. Due to the Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey (SALSUS) in 2006, 23% of 13-year-old teens and over 53% of 15 year-old teens reported that they had ever used illegal drugs in their lives. From the above statistical information, we†¦show more content†¦This is undoubtedly that can help the teenagers stay away from drugs. If you are a drug user, do you have trouble in remembering what you were doing while you were taking drugs? Are you interested in going to a party that drugs are available? Have you ever hurt yourself for no reason? Do you often say or do things that hurt your friends and parents? These are early signs of drug abuse. Try to understand the true nature of drug use, and learn how to say no to temptations and enjoy a healthy life. Remember, taking drugs is always the worst and the naivest thing in the world. Think twice before someone invited you to join him or her. Think twice before you want to find excitement through drugs. Think twice before you curious ofShow MoreRelatedPreventing Ptsd During Military Personnel1371 Words   |  6 PagesPreventing PTSD in military personnel Goals: I aim to research if it is possible to prevent or make it harder to obtain PTSD in military personnel through the creation of a new drug, or use of an existing one. Currently, the problem with using medications is that it merely blocks the amount of distress and sadness that is brought on by PTSD. I intend to use some form of medication that could be taken daily by soldiers that would prevent the acquisition of PTSD when a trauma occurs, instead of blockingRead MoreDescribe How Both the Police and the Courts Decide Matters Relating to the Granting of Bail Since the Bail Act 19766016 Words   |  25 Pagesand someday your rainbow will come smiling through – Cinderella * #bieberfact If you meet Justin and he hugs you for more than 5 seconds he thinks youre cute * #bieberfact Alfredo tried waking up Justin once, so he played Mistletoe, but he started to sing along in his sleep * British people: ew England sucks *americans slag off uk* British people: OMG DON’T EVEN GO THERE, GO DROWN IN A HOLE AND DIE * That awkward moment when your friend jokingly says something about you but its secretlyRead MoreMental Illness And Its Impact On Youth Essay3581 Words   |  15 Pagesexperiencing a mental disorder can be vast and diverse itself. In New Zealand roughly half of all patients being diagnosed with a mental illness will have a dual diagnosis (Recovery network foundation, 2012) meaning they can have a combination of a substance abuse disorder and a mental illness i.e. alcoholism and depression. In most cases the issues related to one disorder can exacerbate the other (Recovery network foundation, 2012). This means mental illness sufferers are likely to be extremely vulnerable.Read MoreBilly s Father Ghost Like Presence5690 Words   |  23 Pagesbound to move onto the next and the next and the next like so many pancakes on his plate. This is what he had chosen, kept choosing and none of those choices was ever easy. In fact they began to build up and finally he became a sort of monk and started to grow old. Very old. Until one day he finally found his hill of rocks and the worn and tattered copy of Slaughter House Five in his back pocket. As he climbed to the very top something he had never experienced before happened. A young boy approachedRead MoreHsm 542 Week 12 Discussion Essay45410 Words   |  182 Pagesnews story of   a nursing home in Bakersfield California who has a policy against its employees giving CPR?  Ã‚   I am required to have CPR certification as a massage therapist.   When I went through the training, I was under the impression that once you get certified, it is your duty to provide CPR if it is needed.   I assume the nurses who worked at the facility were CPR certified.   Yet there is a policy that bans them from giving CPR to the residents.   I understand that there is a risk of liability when

Characters in Romeo and Juliet Paris, Friar Lawrence, and Others

The plotline of Romeo and Juliet revolves around two feuding families: the Montagues and the Capulets. Although most of the characters in the play belong to one of these families, some important characters do not, namely Paris, Friar Lawrence, Mercutio, The Prince, Friar John, and Rosaline. Paris Paris is a kinsman to the Prince. Paris expresses his interest in Juliet as a prospective wife. Capulet believes that Paris is an appropriate husband for his daughter and encourages him to propose. With Capulet’s backing, Paris arrogantly believes that Juliet is his. and behaves accordingly. But Juliet picks Romeo over him because Romeo is more passionate than Paris. We can see this most when Paris comes to grieve at the gave of Juliet. He says The obsequies that I for thee will keepNightly shall be to strew thy grave and weep. His is a courtly, unpassionate love, almost like he is saying the words he thinks he is supposed to say in this situation. This is contrasted with Romeo, who exclaims, The time and my intents are savage-wildMore fierce and more inexorable farThan empty tigers or the roaring sea. Romeo is speaking from the heart and is in pain at the idea that he has lost the love of his life.   Friar Lawrence A religious man and friend to both Romeo and Juliet, the Friar is intent on negotiating a friendship between the Montagues and Capulets to restore peace to Verona. Because he thinks that the joining of Romeo and Juliet in marriage could establish this friendship, he performs their marriage in secret to this end. The Friar is resourceful and has a plan for every occasion. He also has medical knowledge and uses herbs and potions. It is the Friar’s idea for Juliet to drink the potion that makes her appear dead until Romeo can return to Verona to rescue her. Mercutio The Prince’s kinsman and a close friend to Romeo, Mercutio is a colorful character who enjoys wordplay and double entendres, particularly of a sexual nature. He does not understand Romeo’s desire for romantic love, believing that sexual love is sufficient. Mercutio can be easily provoked and hates people who are pretentious or vain. Mercutio is one of Shakespeare’s best-loved characters. When standing up for Romeo against Tybalt, Mercutio is slain, uttering the famous line, â€Å"A plague on both your houses.† The curse is realized as the plot unfolds. Prince of Verona The political leader of Verona and kinsman to Mercutio and Paris, the Prince is intent on keeping peace in Verona. As such, he has a vested interest in establishing a truce between the Montagues and Capulets. Friar John Friar John is a holy man employed by Friar Lawrence to deliver a message to Romeo about Juliet’s fake death. Fate causes the Friar to be delayed in a quarantined house and, as a result, the message does not reach Romeo. Rosaline Rosaline never appears onstage but is the object of Romeo’s initial infatuation. She is renowned for her beauty and vow of lifelong chastity that prevents her from returning Romeo’s infatuation.

The Things They Carried By Tim O Brien - 855 Words

In Tim O Brien s, The Things They Carried, many soldiers in the front line of the Vietnam War were psychologically and physically paralyzed by the war for many years after. The soldiers were left emotionally and mentally unstable for the rest of their life after the war. In The Things They Carried, Jimmy Cross is the lieutenant of his platoon whom feels guilt for his friend’s death. During the war, Jimmy Cross has a girlfriend back home that he always thinks of. Throughout the war, he focused mainly on his girlfriend Martha instead of his fellow soldiers in his platoon. His lack of focus to his fellow soldiers had led to the death of his friend’s, Ted Lavender. Jimmy Cross blames himself for his friend death because he feels like it is his fault for not watching over them. He feels guilty for his friend’s death, and the thoughts of Martha haunt him whenever he thinks about their death. He decides to burn everything that Martha has given him to help him concentrate on the war. However, it doesn’t help him, because he remembers everything that Martha has given him. Still thinking about Martha, he forgets about the war and finds out that his Indian friend Kiowa has died in the sewage field after drowning. Jim Cross started t o feel worse about his actions, and felt even more guilty and started to write a letter to Kiowa’s father. This made Jimmy Cross feel unstable about himself because he felt guilty about his actions throughout the war and cannot turn time back. Azar,Show MoreRelatedThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien892 Words   |  4 PagesThe Vietnam War was a long, exhausting, and traumatic experience for all of the soldiers and those who came with them. The Things They Carried, by Tim O Brien illustrates the different affects the war had on a variety of people: Jacqueline Navarra Rhoads, a former nurse during the Vietnam war, demonstrates these effects within her own memoir in the book, The Forgotten Veterans. Both sources exemplify many tribulations, while sharing a common thread of suffering from mental unpredictability. DesensitizationRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1377 Words   |  6 Pageslove to have it as good as we do. Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried discusses many veterans who experience the burden of shame and guilt daily due to their heroic actions taken during the Vietnam War. The book shows you how such a war can change a man before, during, and after it’s over.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As I reflect on the many conflicts America has been a part of, none can compare to the tragedies that occurred in The Vietnam war. As told in The Things They Carried (O’Brien), characters such as NormanRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthe theme pertains to everyone regardless of their background. It conveys the same ideas to people from all across our society. Lastly, a classic is timeless, which means it has transcended the time in which it was written. In Tim O’Brien’s novel, The Things They Carried, he offers a new, intriguing way to view war or just life in general and also meets all of the crucial requirements mentioned above to qualify it as a book of literary canon. Though this book is technically a war novel, many peopleRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1242 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Tim O’Brien is obsessed with telling a true war story. O Brien s fiction about the Vietnam experience suggest, lies not in realistic depictions or definitive accounts. As O’Brien argues, absolute occurrence is irrelevant because a true war story does not depend upon that kind of truth. Mary Ann’s induction into genuine experience is clearly destructive as well as empowering† (p.12) Tim O’s text, The Things they Carried, details his uses of word choice to portray his tone and bias. Tim O’BrienRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1169 Words   |  5 Pagesbut are set in the past and borrows things from that time period. A story that fits this genre of literature is The Things They Carried. The story is about Tim O Brien, a Vietnam veteran from the Unite States, who tells stories about what had happ ened when he and his team were stationed in Vietnam. He also talks about what he felt about the war when he was drafted and what he tried to do to avoid going to fight in Vietnam. The Things They Carried by Tim O Brien was precise with its portrayal of settingRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1004 Words   |  5 Pages Tim O’Brien is a veteran from of the Vietnam War, and after coming home from his duty he decided to be a writer. His work â€Å"The Things They Carried† is about a group of soldiers that are fighting in the Vietnam War. The first part of the story talks mostly about physical items that each soldier carries, and also mentions the weight of the items as well. Though, there is one exception to the list of physical things. Lieutenant Cross is a character of the story, and Tim O’ Brien quickly states theRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien896 Words   |  4 PagesTrouble without a doubt is what First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross c arried around his shoulders because he was out in war, where mistakes happen. Lost and unknown of his surroundings he had to lead his men into safety, while destroying anything they found. First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross only holds onto one thing for hope and that is Martha, the woman who he hopes is a virgin to come back to. Tim O’ Brien introduces symbolism by adding a character that has a meaning of purity and a pebble, which symbolizesRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesSummary: â€Å"By and large they carried these things inside, maintaining the masks of composure† (21). In Tim O’brien’s The Things They Carried, the American soldiers of the Vietnam War carry much more than the weight of their equipment, much more than souvenirs or good-luck charms or letters from home. They carried within themselves the intransitive burdens—of fear, of cowardice, of love, of loneliness, of anger, of confusion. Most of all, they carry the truth of what happened to them in the war—aRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1369 Words   |  6 PagesMany authors use storytelling as a vehicle to convey the immortality of past selves and those who have passed to not only in their piece of literature but in their life as an author. In Tim O’Brien’s work of fiction The Things They Carried, through his final chapter â€Å"The Lives of the Dead,† O Brien conveys that writing is a matter of survival since, the powers of s torytelling can ensure the immortality of all those who were significant in his life. Through their immortality, O’Brien has the abilityRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1407 Words   |  6 Pages       Our introduction stated that in â€Å"The Things They Carried,† author Tim O’Brien tells us not directly of the soldiers of Vietnam, or the situations they find themselves in, but about the things they carry on their shoulders and in their pockets. These â€Å"things† identify the characters and bring them to life.   I find that to be true as the author unfolds the stories about war and the uncommon things one carries in to war both inadvertently and on purpose.  Ã‚  Ã‚  As it was noted: Stories about war –

Symptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder - 1188 Words

â€Å"Bipolar disorder has nothing to do with the ups and downs we all experience in life; it is much more severe, debilitating, and incapacitating† (Nordqvist, 2016). The description of bipolar disorder is a brain disorder which causes unexpected shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. There are many factors that causes bipolar disorder, it can be genetic, brain-chemical imbalance, hormonal problems, and environmental. When bipolar was distinct in the first century, people were terrified who were diagnosed but throughout the centuries scientists and researchers were finding treatment and medications for those manic people. To understand bipolar disorder, you need to know the causes. â€Å"Bipolar is highly recognized as a treatable disorder† (Cherney Krans, 2016). Nordqvist states researchers discovered there isn’t just one single cause but multiple causes. One of the causes is genetic, people have a higher risk i f one of their blood relative has it. Another one is a brain-chemical imbalance, when the neurotransmitter isn’t balanced it can affect mood disorders. Hormonal problems are also one cause, having unbalanced hormones can cause bipolar disorder. One of the most causes is environmental, if someone has been abused or has mental stress and had a significant loss or other traumatic events. People need to know what bipolar disorder is and how affects someone to support in those who are in need for help. â€Å"During the 1st century,Show MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Treatment854 Words   |  4 Pagesmedical condition known as bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is when a person suffers from severe shifts in mood and energy. In most cases, bipolar disorder can be treated and people with the illness can live normal and productive lives with the help of medication and or therapy. Aiken, C. (2010). Family Experiences of Bipolar Disorder: The Ups, the Downs and the Bits in Between. Retrieved from Ebsco Host. In this book the author discusses her own dealings with Bipolar Disorder. She goes on to say howRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1489 Words   |  6 PagesDiego City College Bipolar disorder, also called manic-depressive disorder, is a disease that affects thousands of people all over the United States of America. According to Sarris (2011) approximately 1-2% of adults will be affected by bipolar disorder in their lifetime. While some individuals may go undiagnosed, the prevalence percentage can raise to as much as 4% when including milder subclinical presentations (Sarris, 2011). Bipolar disorder can cause severe dysfunction in theRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1125 Words   |  5 Pageswith several mental disorders. The major diagnosis would be bipolar disorder. 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Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks (NIMH). Suffering from bipolar disorder can mean su ffering from drastic changes in moodRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1274 Words   |  6 Pagesconclusion, Ben Tang was diagnosed with bipolar II disorder indicated by DSM-5 at age 47. He experienced symptoms such as feeling depressed, suicidal thoughts, and worthlessness in depressive episodes. He experienced symptoms such as racing mind, trouble falling asleep, and committing reckless behaviors in hypomanic episodes. It can be challenging to live with bipolar disorder because the symptoms can be hard to deal with. There are several ways to manage bipolar disorder, include medications, support groupRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1220 Words   |  5 PagesThe history of bipolar disorder is perhaps just as complex as the condition itself. Bipolar is highly recognized as a treatable disorder. The more we learn about bipolar disorder, the more people may be able to receive the help that they need. Centuries passed and little new was discovered about bipolar disorder until French psychiatrist Jean-Pierre Falret published an article in 1851 describing what he called â€Å"la folie circulaire,† which translates to circular insanity. The article details peopleRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder762 Words   |  4 Pages Bipolar Disorder 2 Disorder history, In the 19th century psychiatry, mania had a broad meaning of craziness, hypomania was equated by some concepts of â€Å"partial insanity† or monomania. Bipolar disorder origins in 1854, Jules Baillarger and Jean-Pierre Falret, independently present descriptions of the disorder to Academie de Medicine in Paris. German neuropsychiatrist Emanuel Mendel in 1881 wrote â€Å"that heRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1442 Words   |  6 Pagesmental illness. For example, manic depressive illness, or bipolar disorder, is a cognitive disease which affects â€Å"about 2.6% of the U.S. population† every year (DBSA). Along with the vast number of patients stricken with bipolar, are also a plethora of symptoms, with researchers and patients reporting, â€Å"unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and (an inability) to carry out day-to-day tasks† (NIMH). Along with the symptoms of bipolar are several factors that contribute to the presence of the

Competitive Strategy Techniques for Analyzing

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategy Techniques for Analyzing. Answer: Introduction: A vision statement provides information related to the purpose and values of the organization. It provides information related to where the company want to be. In addition to this, the mission statement provides information related to the processes through which attains the vision of the company. It provides information related to the primary objectives of the company related to the customer needs and values. Mission statement communicate the information related to the present which helps in the achievement of the determined goal in the future. Along with this, vision statement provides the information what the company wants to achieve in the future. Changes can be made in the mission and vision statement but there is a need to consider their alignment to the foundation of the organization (Sabrautzki, 2010). The vision statement of Billabong states that it focuses on establishing new standards in the board sports in a continuous manner by making changes in the lifestyle brands and experiences of youth. In addition to this, the mission statement of the company states that the company has a aim of expanding its business operations in different geographical locations. Besides this, it also has a purpose to create value for its customers and deliver returns to the shareholders . Yes, the vision and mission statement of the company Billabong International is impactful, succinct and inspiring as these statement explicit the aim and objectives of the firm. It states that the company is carrying out different business operations and activities to meet the needs and demands of its stakeholders (Sabrautzki, 2010). The stakeholders of the firm are those entities and individuals who have an interest or stake in the activities, processes and operations carry out by the business. In case of the vision and mission statement of Billabong, there is an emphasis on different stakeholders such as customers, shareholders and employees of the organization. The fulfillment of the needs and demands of these stakeholders helps in increasing the profitability of the company. Besides this, it also facilitates the company to gain competitive advantage over its rivals (Sabrautzki, 2010). Porters five forces model for Barracuda Inc Threat of substitutes: There is an increased number of substitutes available in the market due to the existence of large number of companies in the country. This the reason, that there is an existence of high threat from substitutes in the industry. Buyers can easily switch to substitute products available in the market (Porter, 2008). Intense industrial rivalry: There is an existence of intense competition in the market as there is an existence of approximately 2500 home furnishing firms in the market. This has result in the occurrence of highly competitive business environment in the industry (Porter, 2008). Threat of new entrants: There is also an existence of threat from new entrants as it requires low capital to enter into the industry. Besides this, no firm has a large market share in the country. The net profit of the companies existed in the industry ranges between 4 %to 5% (Porter, 2008). Bargaining power of suppliers: The bargaining power of suppliers is medium as there is an existence of large number of suppliers of home furnishing products. This enables customers to bargain with suppliers for the product (Porter, 2008). Bargaining power of buyers: There is an existence of high bargaining power of buyers as there is a presence of large number of firms in the market for the home furnishing products (Porter, 2008). The company might be successful and gain competitive advantage over other players in the market if it brings innovative products at low prices with high quality in the market. This results in attracting more number of customers towards the product (Porter, 2008). The three major parts of the external environment include social environment, economic environment and technological environment. Social Environment: It is requisite for the company to track the changes taking place in the tastes and preferences of the customers in order to fulfill their unmet demands. In context to this, Barracuda is required to understand the changing demands of the customers as there is an existence of large number of rival firms in the industry. Fulfillment of the demands and needs of the customers in a proper manner results in increasing the satisfaction level of the customers (Webster, 2010). Economic Environment: There is an existence of low entry barriers due to which new firms can enter into a market and grab the opportunities available in the market. This helps in increasing the sustainability of the firm. In context to Barracuda, there is an existence of 2500 home furnishing firms and the profit of the companies ranges between 4 to 5%. There is a need to bring innovation in the products as there is an existence of price competition among the firms in the industry (Webster, 2010). Technological Environment: Rapid changes have been taking place in the technologies used by different firms. It is necessary for Barracuda to adopt new technologies and make investment in research and development to bring new features in the home furnishing products to gain a competitive edge over its competitors. On these three aspects, it is necessary for the companies to collect information as it has a significant impact on the business operations and has affects the financial position and performance of the company. This also helps in analyzing different opportunities and threats available in the market for the company (Webster, 2010). There are different value chain activities that provides competitive advantage to Heartsongs which include procurement, inbound logistics and technological development. The company procures heart valves from the suppliers at the time of the demand of the heart valves by the customers. In addition to this, the company provides payment to the suppliers after the use of the heart valves in the surgery. The company has also made investments in research and development to adopt the new technologies available in the market to attract more number of customers (Dheur, 2015). The company has arranged an outsourcing of the transportation of the heart valves from the warehouses at a short notice by EdFex. EdFex has a secured warehouse where the heart valves can be stored easily and made available to the company at short notice. In this way, it helped a company to gain competitive edge over other rivals in the market (Dheur, 2015). References Dheur, M. 2015. Sustainable value chain management: delivering sustainability through the core business. Springer. Porter, M.E. 2008. Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. Simon and Schuster. Sabrautzki, S. 2010. Strategies, mission, vision, goals. GRIN Verlag. Webster, R.M. 2010. Management of risk: guidance for practitioners. The Stationery Office.

How Cartoons and Propaganda were used Against Jews and Nazis During WWII free essay sample

The use of propaganda through political cartoons is an unavoidable topic in the studies of WWII. Though the propaganda against Jews is a cliche assumption, the use against Nazis prevailed in many ways of its own. Both played key points in the war, from brainwashing to fairytales and cartoon war to tombstones, few subjects were used as a fighting force made from pencil and paper. In America, political cartoons were used widely as motivational statement for troops. The leading man in this was Walt Disney and Disney Studios. His logo, depicting a mosquito holding a torpedo, for the new fleet of â€Å"mosquito boats† was so well received, army bases across America asked for some of his cartoons for their crafts as well. Though no Disney character in particular was more popular than the others, it eventually came to a strong, satirical result. That is when Donald Duck waged war on Hitler. In a political cartoon, Donald Duck is seen dressed as a Nazi and marching with other Nazis or â€Å"Nutzi†. He suffers in an assembly line screwing war munitions together. He eventually goes insane from shouting â€Å"Heil Hitler† and whirling his hands impossibly fast. He wakes up from the dream and says Oh boy, am I glad to be a citizen of the United States of America! Der Fuehrers Face got much notice and even won the Oscar for best animated short film. In another short, The Spirit of 43, Donald showed Americans that they need to save money in order to pay for their taxes fully and on time. Disney studio was also commissioned to make training videos for the navy. These pictures were important for morale and to encourage Americans in a positive way and denote Germans in a humorous way. It was one of the most successful and busy times ever for Disney Studios. In one year they used 200,000 feet of film, which is five times the average it would use in times of peace. The ability to make Americans laugh in a time of crisis was so important to its success. The movie â€Å"Education for Death† contrasted with Disney’s other feats. It tells the story of an innocent boy named Hans born in Germany and the difficult process to keep him safe from the government; such as them threatening to take him away if for being sick. Though he is kind and innocent, he is brainwashed into being an evil, merciless, Nazi solider. And as a full grown Hans marches with the rest of the Nazis he fades into a tombstone without a name, symbolic of how many German citizens were killed for nothing and how his only purpose in life was to die. This dark cartoon contrasts sharply with the rest of the cartoons because it directly attacked the way Germans learn, did not have a happy ending, and most of all did not support Americans in any way. It may because Disney wanted to scare the public into supporting their country because war donations had diminished at the ti me. Walt Disney studio was undoubtedly the most active in American propaganda of Germany. But the sense of hope it gave Americans powered through ages. Even though many of the cartoons were shelved for a very long time the impact they left was not to be forgotten. It can be argued that the films didn’t help, but two thirds of Americans went to the movies every week and the amount of faith put into them was staggering and it shows because Donald Duck was made an honorary member of the Army. And in 1984 he was promoted to the rank of sergeant and was honorably discharged from the military. But to understand the political propaganda that was going on in Germany is to understand propaganda itself. Propaganda is the art of persuasion and Hitler would not let it go to waste. He grew up and learned to embrace propaganda and blames Germanys’ loss in WWI as a lack of propaganda. He even dedicated two chapters to it in his book Mein Kampf. When WWII started he appointed Dr. Jos eph Goebbels as the person in charge of the propaganda. Goebbels had two jobs; to make sure no anti-Nazi message of any kind got to the German population, and to put across the views of Nazis in the most persuasive way possible. His official rank was the Minister of Enlightenment. He worked with SS and Gestapo, who hunted down anyone who would make articles against the Nazis in Germany. He set up the Reich Chamber of Commerce, which dealt with literature, art, newspaper, film, and cartoons. To produce any of the aforementioned subjects you would need to be a member of the Commerce and of course believe in Nazi ideas. This strong censorship never allowed any of Disney’s cartoons to reach Germany. The film industry than focused on the â€Å"issues† including Jews, Hitler’s greatness, and the abuse of Germans in eastern countries. A new version of Sleeping Beauty arose with witch being democracy and the cursed princess being Germany. After prince Hitler saves Germ any from democracy he gets Germany on her feet and the run off into the sunset. This is cartoon is undoubtedly directed at not only children, but the parents who read it to their children. Political cartoons in Germany depicted Jews as evil vile creatures that were responsible for all of Germany’s problems. But political cartoons were not alone nor did they play a huge role in the propaganda industry. It was the fact that everything became pro-Nazi. Such a mass takeover of ideas develops a strong following. This is why American cartoons didn’t directly attack the German people. Because it was all they were allowed to know. The cartoons that Goebbels did produce were mostly depicting Hitler of being a strong, great, and unbeatable leader who would make Germany strong. His posters were not descriptive of Nazi ideals, they merely depicted Nazi support. The post â€Å"Germany Lives† is an important adulation of Hitler. It displays a proud Hitler holding the Nazi fl ag and marching with the army. The common Nazi symbolism of light breaking through clouds is seen here, as well as the eagle flying. It was used as a morale booster for Germany, much like Disney’s. Jews were often displayed with a stereotypical big nose and heinous demeanor as well as being communists or supporting communism. One poster dehumanizes the Jewish people and another movie The Eternal Jew compares them to rats. The ability to strike fear into the German population about Jews gave Nazis the upper hand. Another depicts a swastika falling a Jewish person on the Star of David. This is symbolic of Germany’s impending victory. Surprisingly this poster was created by an English man rather than the Reich Chamber of Commerce, which could show that foreign countries may have supported the Nazis. Posters with proud hard working Germans were impossibly common and always showed Aryan Germans. They were used to get citizens excited about helping the Fuhrer. The name Fuhre r was applied in order to make Hitler an undeniably strong hero and leader and that all will know him as such. Depictions of Hitler hugging or taking over the Earth were popular as items used against and even for Nazis. The ones against Hitler use more black than white and often have him be a horrific monster. Pro-Nazi art displays Hitler hugging the earth or attacking the democratic America. The way political cartoons were used against Jews and Germans alike during WWII differs in nearly every way. American propaganda against Germans was more for encourage the people to pitch in and help with the war. It also delivered it in a brilliant way; by showing the cartoons, which are normally happy and humorous, become dark and evil things. This effectively convinced Americans that staying positive and doing all they can was the best thing they can do. Germans on the other hand used nation-wide brainwashing, mass censorship, and harsh images to scare the German population into Nazism, thin king it was the only way to be safe. It also glorified Hitler as an amazing leader, whereas American cartoons portrayed Hitler as skinny, angry, and incompetent. Hitler’s situation can be related to rulers throughout history namely Louis XIV who glorified himself through paintings and palaces, glorified his country and culture as the ultimate people, banished people of a different religion, controlled his nobles through Absolutism, and induced censorship. Yet have you ever heard of the evil that Louis XIV caused? He is identical to Hitler in numerous ways and yet you have never heard of his terror or tyranny. That is the power of propaganda in two different forms. You know Hitler is evil because it is everywhere, telling you of all the people he killed and all the hate he spread, but the amount of propaganda against Louis is simply inferior to the amount against Hitler. But in second form propaganda I have depicted Louis acts as being unnecessary, evil, and pompous. Neverthel ess, Louis XIV is often called one of the greatest and strongest rulers of all time, giving France a deep, rich culture and making French a staple language for royalty. This was a use of propaganda, to give you all the little pieces that you should know, keeping them all truthful, and yet not tying them together with the reality of the situation. Though the situation of Hitler was a situation of evil the views that propaganda can cause are undeniably powerful. Hitler’s power would not have been as mighty without propaganda and the ability to portray him as evil and receive assistance for the war would have been far more difficult. This explanatory statement proves the power of propaganda in WWII.

Marketing Research Design and Data collection methods

In the peer reviewed article written by Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir called â€Å"Ritzer’s McDonaldization and applied qualitative marketing research†, the researchers examine the benefits gained from applying Ritzer’s thesis of McDonaldization to international qualitative marketing research; the reports follows the frameworks and requirements of an academic research work.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Research Design and Data collection methods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When discussing the topic the researchers limited their discussion and area of study to efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control; they observed that the three areas are the main policies that McDonald has implemented to remain competitive in the world market. To develop the report, the researchers collected wide range of data, then interpolated it, and analyzed it for the report . In research development, research design and data collection plays crucial parts in collecting and shaping the research (Andy ,Nancarrow , and Vir 2005). This paper analysis the research design and data collection method as was adopted by Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir in the article â€Å"Ritzer’s McDonaldization and applied qualitative marketing research†. Research design Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir used onion research design approach; the main reason why the researchers opted to use the method is its systematic way of collecting data. The method is systematical where the researcher has the task of building his report from one segment to another, but moves after the earlier stage has been wholly been exhausted and results tested to be in consistence with the intended outcomes of the research. Just like an onion, the onion research design method has various layers that a researcher has to undergo through before making inferences and pres enting them in a certain manner; generally the method has five stages or layers. When using onion research design the research can be interpolated in layers like the case of an onion; the initial layer is where the researcher discusses the research question as well as the research philosophy adopted; the next layer which in this case can be referred as the second layer looks into the real situation or the main subject of the research.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With the full understanding of the research question and the subject matter of the case, Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir then moved to the next higher layer; the third layer which is the research strategy. The forth layer concentrated on the time frames that the researchers has to give an account of the research; when analyzing issues in the research, the writers has to move with speed and consider th ings of different parameters. According to the Onion method if research design, the fifth layer gives an account of the research methods adopted, in the case of Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir the methods adopted were both primary and secondary data collection methods (Balnaves and Caputi, 2002) When the writers were considering the case of McDonald, they were interested in analyzing the main strengths that the company has that has made it be able to retain a leadership role in the hospitality industry; with this the researchers were able to develop the background information that they were to analyze. With the understanding of operations of the company, the research took a deductive reasoning approach supported by facts as collected from the field. Deductive reasoning is a research approach method where Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir used a gradual but steady way of collecting information; when using the approach the researchers developed the idea from an k nown angle to a point that needed to be learnt or researched; in this case, the researcher will come from the known point that McDonald has some managing philosophies that have assisted it move to the high ladder of operation; the researchers established the strategies as efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control and seek to establish the lessons that have been learnt from the operations as well as how they can be applied internationally (Burns, 2000). As much as the researchers where interested with McDonaldization, they ensured that the operations of the company has been fully understood and chances that McDonald has some special attributes that has made it be able to use the system was undertook.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Research Design and Data collection methods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The research design assisted the researchers write a report that can be accepted int ernationally and applicable in different part of the world despite the business systems and structures operating. When using the qualitative method of data collected is more emphasized than the quantity of the data. It is interpretative and descriptive method of data collection. The issue of McDonaldization and its applicability to international marketing as Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir intended to come out is that it has elements of qualitative study; it involved collection of management data then analyzing it to come up with the report. Qualitative research method is adopted in management and social sciences researches as it address the issue wholly and ensure that challenging matters or emerging issues has been addressed effectively. The method is also superior in the sense that it does not focus on the plain facts on the ground but also considers what in-depth matters that might be affecting what can be seen from outside (O’Donnell and David, 2000) The onio n research design assists a researcher to collect rich information about the situation at hand and gather detailed information. In this research, the writers used a combination of research data collection methods to come up with rich data on the area, they used interviews, observations, electronic interviews, focus groups, case studies and wide range of literature review; other than looking at the situation, the method offers room to give effective recommendations management of different companies on the best ways they can use McDonaldization (Creswell, 1998).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the research the writers not only considered the effect that aspects like culture has on people and their choice of products but also seek to understand how businesses made efforts to attract the attention of customers. McDonald was seen as the company that has benefit from the system and seems to have mastered the art of managing the business with people psychology on their minds. The strength of the process is on psychological part where the right approaches to buy the strategy and use it in international marketing was borrowed. Marketing involves persuading people to buy a certain companies products; with this notion and understanding any effort that strengthens relationship of customer and the selling company is always welcomed for business sake. The research design adopted by the research focused on four main subtopic in the main topic, efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control, although the four are interrelated and move together, the researcher was a ble to cover then with some levels of independence when collecting information. Such moves assisted in offering high quality report and adding value to the known literature on McDonaldization and international marketing. Data collection methods To come up with the article, the researchers have to collected wide range of data then interpolate, analyze, and report the data in an acceptable manner. When doing the research on McDonaldization, Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir combined the strengths of both primary and secondary data collection methods. Each method was handled on its own however moves were made after an in-depth understanding of the situation on the ground was understood. Focus groups Focus groups are teams made by a research to discuss about the research questions that the researcher want to handle; the people to a focus group should well understand the situation on the ground regarding the management topic at hand. Under this framework, the researchers held a workshop with global research practitioners consisting of six professionals in management where with some well framed questionnaires they were triggered to discuss various issues that touched on the research variables (Stefanou, 1999). When using focus group as the method of collecting data, the researchers ensured they created an atmosphere that enhanced the participants to offer their views, understanding and points of views in the area. In so doing Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir had to choose a team leader who was intelligent and one who could manage the participants effectively (Patton, 2002). Use of interviews Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir in the research used two senior practitioners as the interviewee to offer in-depth information about the topic and how they felt McDonaldization can be of benefit to other sectors of life. The selection and the choice of the interviewee can be seen as a strategic move by the researchers as they choose those people they were aware or thought they had quality information and knowledge about the research topic; the approach assisted them get high quality data (Bernard, 2006). Other than the oral and face to face interviews, the researchers went a step higher and conducted online interviews â€Å"e-interviews with senior researchers in global markets, notably Europe and Asia (six respondents)†, again the e-interviews were conducted with experts and people who had management knowledge as they would offer insight information about the area of study. In research there are instances that there are many respondents who might have different information; some information may be conflicting, the most important thing to consider when choosing the respondents is their degree of integrity, knowledge, and the willingness they have to give genuine information. In the case of e-interviews Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir ensured that they got information from management scholars and real mana gers on the ground, this assisted in coming up with rich data and information. Literature review Other than collection of data from primary sources the researchers undertook a wide literature review where they considered what other scholars who have writer on the same or similar topic had to say about the topic, when using literature review the researcher gets an in-depth knowledge of the topic thus he can offer concrete report. In the research report the use of literature review or secondary source of information is supported by the statement â€Å"Content analysis of briefs/case histories (the most recent five years of global projects the researchers could access)† (Andy, Nancarrow and Vir, 2005). When reviewing literature review the writers considered management material as wells articles written on specific issue of strategic management like accounting, marketing, sales and advertising. Materials were vetted for relevance and the researcher made sure they were current and handled the issue professionally. When reviewing literature, the writers of the materials to be used is of great importance; at every one instance the researchers should make sure they understand the qualifications and the experience that the writer of material has; in the event that the writer does not have rich knowledge and has not conducted a comprehensive study, then such materials should not be used. The concept of McDonaldization is familiar and is growing in relevance among management scholars; the system of operation of the international company is one that is triggering concerns to scholars. With this notion, some scholars are writing books discussing the management model; these are some of the materials that Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir used to gather secondary data. The internet was another area that data was available about the research area, although some cites were used, the researcher ensured that they were sights with high rate of integrity and writt en by people who understood the topic fully. Cites whose writers could not be vetted or were unknown were avoided as they were not likely to offer in-depth information like the one required by the study. In McDonald website and annual reports, there are some management efficiency reports that are published, these are some of the materials that the researcher used to gather in-depth information on the topic; the main reason why the researcher had to use literature review is because it offered a rich knowledge and understanding of the research topic which is an important element when developing a research work. Despite the fact that a researcher has the question he would like to address, he should always ensure that he gets to understand what other people who have done similar research had said and suggested, with such moves he is able to come up with a report that does not duplicate what other people have said but actually one that adds value to the topic of research. Other methods t hat the researchers would have used To collect data, this research used a survey data collection method supported by wide literature review; survey method of data collection is another way that the researchers would have used to collect data. Survey is data collection methods were questionnaires and/or statistical surveys are conducted on places that will offer quality information about the topic at hand. The people that would have been surveyed include businesses that have similar models with McDonald and get their operation level. With such levels then the concept of McDonaldization would have been discussed into details further. When research is based on survey method of collecting data, the sampling methodology adopted is that survey sampling method; in specific, information was collected from three main categories as of domestic private and public companies, governmental institutions, and the second batch was composed of internationals and Non-governmental organizations. Anothe r method that Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir would have considered is the use of case study; under this approach they would have surveyed and analyzed a company that has adopted McDonaldization to manage its international marketing then compare the same with a company that has other frameworks of management. When such an approach is adopted, it gives the researcher a chance to understand and see what is actually happening on the other side. Other than reviewing how McDonaldization can be adopted in international marketing the researcher has an opportunity to offer a report that can advance the system after learning what other companies are doing; this would have been attained if the researcher had used case study method of data collection. The time frame of the research is another area that would have been improved; the study involved business processes which change with time and space, the researchers would have put the same in mind and undertake a prolonged case study research on the topic (Coakes, 2007). Observation can be like a silent move where the researcher watches trend in business that have McDonaldization and those that do not; they may focus on something like customers flow. Conclusion Andy Barker, Clive Nancarrow, and Jason Vir in their report on how to implement McDonaldization to international qualitative marketing research used primary and secondary data collection method to gather in-depth information for their qualitative research. Primary data collection method used includes interview (both oral and electronic), focus groups, and discussion groups. When choosing the respondents in primary data collection method, the researchers ensured that they used people who understood the topic well such as scholars and other management personnel. Secondary data collection method aimed at gathering existing information on the research topic to assist the researchers offer high quality report. References Andy, B., Nancarrow, C., and Vir, J. , 2005. Ritzer’s McDonaldization and applied qualitative marketing research. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 8(3), Pp. 296-311 Balnaves, M. and Caputi, P.,2002. Introduction To Quantitative Research Methods: An Investigative Approach. London: Sage. Bernard, H. R. ,2006. Research methods in anthropology: qualitative and quantitative approaches. G – Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Rowman Altamira. Burns, R.B.,2000. Introduction to Research Methods. London: Sage Coakes, 2007. SPSS version 14 for windows: Analysis without Anguish. New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd Creswell, J., 1998. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. Creswell, J., 2003. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. Marble, P. ,2003. A system implementation study: management commitment to project man agement. Information Management, 41(1), pp. 111-123. O’Donnell, E. and David, J.,2000. How information systems influence user decisions: a research framework and literature review. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 1(3), PP. 178-203. Patton, Q. ,2002. Qualitative research evaluation methods (3rd edition). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications Stefanou, J. ,1999. The complexity and the research area of AIS. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 19,(1/2), PP.1-23. This essay on Marketing Research Design and Data collection methods was written and submitted by user Krish Sullivan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.